Odisha, formerly known as Orissa, is a state in eastern India, bordering the Bay of Bengal. Here’s a brief overview:
History:
- The history of Odisha dates back to the Lower Paleolithic era.
- Ancient texts like the Mahabharata mention Kalinga, Utkal, and Odra, ancient names for the region.
- The Kalinga War in 261 BCE, where Ashoka Maurya conquered Kalinga, was a significant event.
- The region was ruled by various dynasties, including the Nanda, Maurya, Kharavela, Bhauma-Kara, Somavamsi, and Eastern Ganga dynasties.
- The Kalinga School of architecture flourished between the 7th and 13th centuries AD, resulting in famous temples like Lingaraj, Jagannath, and Konark Sun Temple.
- Odisha became a separate province on April 1, 1936.
Geography:
- Odisha has a coastline of about 485 kilometers along the Bay of Bengal.
- The state’s topography includes coastal plains, the Eastern Ghats mountains, and a fertile river basin.
- Key rivers include the Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, and Subarnarekha.
- Chilika Lake, Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon, is located in Odisha.
- The state is rich in mineral resources like iron ore, coal, bauxite, and manganese.
Culture:
- Odisha’s culture is deeply rooted in ancient traditions.
- Classical dance form Odissi originated here.
- Traditional music, temple architecture (especially around Bhubaneswar and Puri), and Pattachitra painting are significant aspects.
- The state celebrates many vibrant festivals, with Rath Yatra in Puri being the most famous.
- Handicrafts and handlooms are an integral part of Odisha’s cultural identity.
Economy:
- Odisha’s economy is primarily agriculture-based but is transitioning towards industry and services.
- Key sectors include agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and tourism.
- Rice is the dominant crop.
- Odisha has significant reserves of minerals like iron ore and bauxite, making it a major producer of steel and aluminum.
- The state government is focusing on industrial development and infrastructure.
- Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy, with numerous temples, beaches, wildlife sanctuaries, and historical sites.
- Odisha’s economy is estimated to grow by 7.2% in FY25, higher than the national average.